Ian Bruce's Preprints and Reprints

Note: Some preprints and reprints are also available in hard-copy. Send requests to <ibruce@ieee.org> .

Portable Document Format (PDF) files can be viewed/printed with Adobe Acrobat Reader.

Preprints and reprints are grouped according to research topic. Click on the links below to go to the desired topic:

No preprints available at present.

Models of the auditory periphery
Hearing aids
Cochlear implants
Speech intelligibility & quality predictors
Tinnitus, hidden hearing loss, attention & central plasticity
Models of central auditory processing & tinnitus
Neuroscience of music
Modeling methods
Digital speech processing
PhD thesis

Preprints

None available at present.

Reprints

Models of the auditory periphery

The following article is on the publisher's web site. Access to the full text may depend on you (or your institution or company) having a subscription, and consequently you may only be able to access the publication details and abstract. Please contact me if you would like the full text but are unable to obtain it from the web site.

Nagathil, A. and Bruce, I. C. (2023). "WaveNet-based approximation of a cochlear filtering and hair cell transduction model," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154(1):191–202.

Osses Vecchi, A., Varnet, L., Carney, L. H., Dau, T., Bruce, I. C., Verhulst, S., and Majdak, P. (2022). "A comparative study of eight human auditory models of monaural processing," Acta Acustica 6:17. (Topical Issue — Auditory models: from binaural processing to multimodal cognition.)

The following articles are on the publisher's web site. Access to the full text may depend on you (or your institution or company) having a subscription, and consequently you may only be able to access the publication details and abstract. Please contact me if you would like the full text but are unable to obtain it from the web site.

Nagathil, A., Göbel, F., Nelus, A., and Bruce, I. C. (2021). "Computationally efficient DNN-based approximation of an auditory model for applications in speech processing," in Proceedings of 46th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP2021), IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, pp. 301– 305.

Bruce, I. C., Erfani, Y., and Zilany, M. S. A. (2018). "A phenomenological model of the synapse between the inner hair cell and auditory nerve: Implications of limited neurotransmitter release sites," Hearing Research 360:40–54.

Zilany, M. S. A., Bruce, I. C., and Carney, L. H. (2014). "Updated parameters and expanded simulation options for a model of the auditory periphery," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 135:283–286.

Zilany, M. S. A., Bruce, I. C., Nelson, P. C., and Carney, L. H. (2009). "A phenomenological model of the synapse between the inner hair cell and auditory nerve: Long-term adaptation with power-law dynamics," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 126(5):2390–2412.

Bruce, I. C. and Zilany, M. S. A. (2007). "Modelling the effects of cochlear impairment on the neural representation of speech in the auditory nerve and primary auditory cortex," in Auditory Signal Processing in Hearing-Impaired Listeners, Int. Symposium on Audiological and Auditory Research (ISAAR), eds. T. Dau, J. Buchholz, J. M. Harte, and T. U. Christiansen, Danavox Jubilee Foundation, Denmark, pp. 1–10.

Bruce, I. C. and Zilany, M. S. A. (2007). "Computational modelling of the cat auditory periphery: Recent developments and future directions," in Proceedings of 19th International Congress on Acoustics, Madrid, Spain, September 2007, pp. PPA-07-004-IP: 1–6.

The following articles are on their respective journals' web sites. Access to the full text may depend on you (or your institution or company) having a subscription, and consequently you may only be able to access the publication details and abstract. Please contact me if you would like the full text but are unable to obtain it from the web site.

Zilany, M. S. A. and Bruce, I. C. (2007). "Representation of the vowel /e/ in normal and impaired auditory nerve fibers: Model predictions of responses in cats," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 122(1):402–417.

Zilany, M. S. A. and Bruce, I. C. (2006). "Modeling auditory-nerve responses for high sound pressure levels in the normal and impaired auditory periphery," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 120(3):1446–1466.

Bruce, I. C., Sachs, M. B., and Young, E. D. (2003). "An auditory-periphery model of the effects of acoustic trauma on auditory nerve responses," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 113(1):369–388.

Heinz, M. G., Zhang, X., Bruce, I. C., Carney, L. H. (2001). "Auditory nerve model for predicting performance limits of normal and impaired listeners," Acoustics Research Letters Online 2(3):91–96.

Zhang, X., Heinz, M. G., Bruce, I. C., Carney, L. H. (2001). "A phenomenological model for the responses of auditory-nerve fibers: I. Nonlinear tuning with compression and suppression," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 109(2):648–670.

Hearing aids

The following articles are on the publishers' web sites. Access to the full text may depend on you (or your institution or company) having a subscription, and consequently you may only be able to access the publication details and abstract. Please contact me if you would like the full text but are unable to obtain it from the web site.

McWeeny, S., Trainor, L. J., Armstrong, S., Bosnyak, D., Tawfik, H., and Bruce, I. C. (2025). "Evaluating a hearing loop implementation for live orchestral music," Ear & Hearing 46(3):808–816.

Bruce, I. C., Armstrong, S., Bosnyak, D. J., and Tawfik, H. (2025). "Opportunities and challenges for Bluetooth LE Audio assistive listening systems," ICASSP 2025 - 2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Hyderabad, India, 2025, pp. 1–5.

Zeyl, T. J., and Bruce, I. C. (2014). "Analysis of spatiotemporal pattern correction using a computational model of the auditory periphery," Ear & Hearing 35(2):246–255.

The following article is © 2008 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

Dinath, F. and Bruce, I. C. (2008). "Hearing aid gain prescriptions balance restoration of auditory nerve mean-rate and spike-timing representations of speech," in Proceedings of 30th International IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Conference, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, pp. 1793–1796.

Bruce, I. C., Dinath, F. and Zeyl, T. J. (2007). "Insights into optimal phonemic compression from a computational model of the auditory periphery," in Auditory Signal Processing in Hearing-Impaired Listeners, Int. Symposium on Audiological and Auditory Research (ISAAR), eds. T. Dau, J. Buchholz, J. M. Harte, and T. U. Christiansen, Danavox Jubilee Foundation, Denmark, pp. 73–81.

The following article is © 2006 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

Harte, N., Ansari, S. U., and Bruce, I. (2006). "Exploiting voicing cues for contrast enhanced frequency shaping of speech for impaired listeners," in Proceedings of 31st IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP2006), Vol. 5, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, pp. V-137–V-140.

The following article is © 2006 Andrew John Publishing Inc. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from Andrew John Publishing Inc.

Bruce, I. C. (2006). "Physiological insights into hearing loss and optimal amplification," Canadian Hearing Report 1(2):20–21.

Bruce, I. C. (2006). "Hearing Aids," in Encyclopedia of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, eds. G. Wnek and G. Bowlin, Marcel Dekker, New York, NY.

The following article is on the journal's web site. Access to the full text may depend on you (or your institution or company) having a subscription, and consequently you may only be able to access the publication details and abstract. Please contact me if you would like the full text but are unable to obtain it from the web site.

Chen, Z., Becker, S., Bondy, J., Bruce, I., and Haykin, S. (2005). "A novel, gradient-free optimization method for model-based hearing compensation," Neural Computation 17(12):2648–2671.

Bruce, I. C. (2004). "Physiological assessment of contrast-enhancing frequency shaping and multiband compression in hearing aids," Physiological Measurement 25:945–956. (Published by IOP Press.)

Bondy, J., Becker, S., Bruce, I. C., Trainor, L. J., and Haykin, S. (2004). "A novel signal-processing strategy for hearing-aid design: Neurocompensation," Signal Processing 84(7):1239–1253.

Trainor, L. J., Sonnadara, R., Wiklund, K., Bondy, J., Gupta, S., Becker, S., Bruce, I. C., and Haykin, S. (2004). "Development of a flexible, realistic, hearing in noise test environment (R-HINT-E)," Signal Processing 84(2):299–309.

The following article is © 2003 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

Bondy, J., Bruce, I. C., Dong, R., Becker, S., and Haykin, S. (2003). "Modeling intelligibility of hearing-aid compression circuits," in Conference Records of the Thirty-Seventh Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, Vol. 1, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, pp. 720–724.

Sachs, M. B., Bruce, I. C., Miller, R. L., and Young, E. D. (2002). "Biological Basis of Hearing-Aid Design," Annals of Biomedical Engineering 30:157–168.

Cochlear implants

The following articles are on the journals' web sites. Access to the full text may depend on you (or your institution or company) having a subscription, and consequently you may only be able to access the publication details and abstract. Please contact me if you would like the full text but are unable to obtain it from the web site.

He, S., Skidmore, J., Bruce, I. C., Oleson, J. J., and Yuan, Y. (2024). "Peripheral neural synchrony in post-lingually deafened adult cochlear implant users," Ear & Hearing 45(5):1125–1137.

Skidmore, J., Ramekers, D., Bruce, I. C., and He, S. (2022). "Comparison of response properties of the electrically stimulated auditory nerve reported in human listeners and in animal models," Hearing Research 426:108643.

The following two manuscripts are available via Open Access on the publishers' web sites.

Tabibi, S., Boulet, J., Dillier, N., and Bruce, I. C. (2021). "Phenomenological model of auditory nerve population responses to cochlear implant stimulation," Journal of Neuroscience Methods 358:109212.

Tabibi, S., Kegel, A., Lai, W. K., Bruce, I. C., and Dillier, N. (2019). "Measuring temporal response properties of auditory nerve fibers in cochlear implant recipients," Hearing Research 380:187–196.

The following manuscript is © 2016 Association for Research in Otolaryngology. Access to the full text may depend on you (or your institution or company) having a subscription, and consequently you may only be able to access the publication details and abstract. Please contact me if you would like the full text but are unable to obtain it from the web site.

Boulet, J., and Bruce, I. C. (2017). "Predictions of the contribution of HCN half-maximal activation potential heterogeneity to variability in intrinsic adaptation of spiral ganglion neurons," Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 18(2):301–322.

The following two manuscripts are © 2016 Taylor & Francis. Access to the full text may depend on you (or your institution or company) having a subscription, and consequently you may only be able to access the publication details and abstract. Please contact me if you would like the full text but are unable to obtain it from the web site.

Seeber, B. U. and Bruce, I. C. (2016). "The history and future of neural modeling for cochlear implants," Network: Computation in Neural System 27(2–3):53–66, Special Issue on "Computational modelling of cochlear implants".

Takanen, M., Bruce, I. C., and Seeber, B. U. (2016). "Phenomenological modelling of electrically stimulated auditory nerve fibers: A review," Network: Computation in Neural System 27(2–3):157–185, Special Issue on "Computational modelling of cochlear implants".

The following manuscript is © 2015 Association for Research in Otolaryngology. Access to the full text may depend on you (or your institution or company) having a subscription, and consequently you may only be able to access the publication details and abstract. Please contact me if you would like the full text but are unable to obtain it from the web site.

Boulet, J., White, M., and Bruce, I. C. (2016). "Temporal considerations for stimulating spiral ganglion neurons with cochlear implants," Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 17(1):1–17.

The following article is ©2014 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

Negm, M. H., and Bruce, I. C. (2014). "The effects of HCN and KLT ion channels on adaptation and refractoriness in a stochastic auditory nerve model," in IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 61(11):2749–2759.

Negm, M. H. and Bruce, I. C. (2008). "Effects of Ih and IKLT on the response of the auditory nerve to electrical stimulation in a stochastic Hodgkin–Huxley model," in Proceedings of 30th International IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Conference,IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, pp. 5539–5542.

The following book is available from Amazon.com via the link given below. If you would just like a reprint of my chapter, please let me know.

Bruce, I. C., White, M. W., Irlicht, L. S., O'Leary, and Clark, G. M. (2001). "Advances in computational modeling of cochlear implant physiology and perception," in Computational Models of Auditory Function, eds. S. greenberg and M. Slaney, IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp. 65–76.

Bruce, I. C., Irlicht, L. S., White, M. W., O'Leary, S. J., Clark, G. M. (2000). "Renewal-process approximation of a stochastic threshold model for electrical neural stimulation," Journal of Computational Neuroscience 9(2):119–132.

The following three articles are © 1999 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

Bruce, I. C., White, M. W., Irlicht, L. S., O'Leary, S. J., Clark, G. M. (1999). "The effects of stochastic neural activity in a model predicting intensity perception with cochlear implants: Low-rate stimulation," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 46(12):1393–1404.

Bruce, I. C., White, M. W., Irlicht, L. S., O'Leary, S. J., Dynes, S., Javel, E., Clark, G. M. (1999). "A stochastic model of the electrically stimulated auditory nerve: Single-pulse response," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 46(6):617–629.

Bruce, I. C., Irlicht, L. S., White, M. W., O'Leary, S. J., Dynes, S., Javel, E., Clark, G. M. (1999). "A stochastic model of the electrically stimulated auditory nerve: Pulse-train response," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 46(6):630–637.

Au, D., Bruce, I. C., Irlicht, L. S., Clark, G. M. (1995). "Cross-fibre interspike interval probability distribution in acoustic stimulation—A computer modelling study," Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology 104(Suppl. 166):346–349.

Speech intelligibility & quality predictors

Koning, R., Bruce, I. C., Denys, S., and Wouters, J. (2018). "Perceptual and model-based evaluation of ideal time-frequency noise reduction in hearing impaired listeners," IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 26(3):687–697.

The following article is available via open access on the publisher's web site.

Wirtzfeld, M. R., Pourmand, N., Parsa, V., and Bruce, I. C. (2017). "Predicting the quality of enhanced wideband speech with a cochlear model," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 142(3):EL319–325.

Wirtzfeld, M. R., Ibrahim, R. A., and Bruce, I. C. (2017). "Predictions of speech chimaera intelligibility using auditory nerve mean-rate and spike-timing neural cues," Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 18(5):687–710.

The following magazine article is available via open access on the publisher's web site.

Bruce, I. C. (2017). "Physiologically based predictors of speech intelligibility," Acoustics Today Spring 2017 Issue 13(1):28–35.

Moncada-Torres, A., van Wieringen, A., Bruce, I. C., Wouters, J., and Francart, T. (2017). "Predicting phoneme and word recognition in noise using a computational model of the auditory periphery," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 141:300–312.

The following conference paper is available for free private use on the publisher's web site.

Bruce, I. C., Léger, A. C., Moore, B. C., and Lorenzi, C. (2013). "Physiological prediction of masking release for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners," in Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics: ICA 2013 Montreal, vol. 19, Acoustical Society of America, NY, p. 050178.

Ibrahim, R. A., and Bruce, I. C. (2010). "Effects of peripheral tuning on the auditory nerve's representation of speech envelope and temporal fine structure cues," in The Neurophysiological Bases of Auditory Perception, eds. E. A. Lopez-Poveda and A. R. Palmer and R. Meddis, Springer, NY, pp. 429–438.

The following article is © 2007 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

Zilany, M. S. A., and Bruce, I. C. (2007). "Predictions of Speech Intelligibility with a Model of the Normal and Impaired Auditory-periphery," in Proceedings of 3rd International IEEE EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, IEEE, Piscatway, NJ, pp. 481–485.

Bondy, J., Bruce, I. C., Becker, S., and Haykin, S. (2004) "Predicting speech intelligibility from a population of neurons," in NIPS 2003 Conference Proceedings: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, eds. S. Thrun, L. Saul and B. Schölkopf, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 1409–1416.

Tinnitus, hidden hearing loss, attention & central plasticity

The following article is available via open access on the publisher's web site.

Paul, B. T., Waheed, S., Bruce, I. C., and Roberts, L. E. (2017). "Subcortical amplitude modulation encoding deficits suggest evidence of cochlear synaptopathy in normal-hearing 18–19 year olds with higher lifetime noise exposure," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 142(5):EL434–440. (Erratum and comment on this article available at: https://doi.org/10.1121/1.5043082)

The following manuscripts are on the publishers' web sites. Access to the full text may depend on you (or your institution or company) having a subscription, and consequently you may only be able to access the publication details and abstract. Please contact me if you would like the full text but are unable to obtain it from the web site.

Paul, B. T., Bruce, I. C., and Roberts, L. E. (2017). "Evidence that hidden hearing loss underlies amplitude modulation encoding deficits in individuals with and without tinnitus," Hearing Research 344:170–182. (Erratum and comment on this article available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2018.01.011)

Roberts, L.E., Bosnyak, D. J., Bruce, I. C., Gander, P. E., and Paul, B. T. (2015). "Evidence for differential modulation of primary and nonprimary auditory cortex by forward masking in tinnitus," Hearing Research 327:9–27.

Paul, B. T., Bruce, I. C., Bosnyak, D. J., Thompson, D. C., and Roberts, L.E. (2014). "Modulation of electrocortical brain activity by attention in individuals with and without tinnitus," Neural Plasticity 2014, Article ID 127824, 16 pages, Special Issue "Plasticity of Neural Systems in Tinnitus".

Models of central auditory processing & tinnitus

Spencer, M. J., Grayden, D. B., Bruce, I. C., Meffin, H., and Burkitt A. N. (2012). "An investigation of dendritic delay in octopus cells of the mammalian cochlear nucleus," Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience 6(83):1–19.

Chrostowski, M., Yang, L., Wilson, H. R., Bruce, I. C., and Becker, S. (2011). "Can homeostatic plasticity in deafferented primary auditory cortex lead to travelling waves of excitation?"Journal of Computational Neuroscience 30(2):279–299.

Zheng, X., Giang, A., Vetsis, S., Bruce, I. C., and Voigt, H. F. (2008). "A computational modeling study of the effects of acoustic trauma on the dorsal cochlear nucleus," in Proceedings of 4th European Conference of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering (ECIFMBE 2008), Vol. 22, Antwerp, Belgium, pp. 2695–2698.

Vetsis, S., Zheng, X., Voigt, H. F. and Bruce, I. C. (2008). "Effects of an improved auditory-periphery model on the response properties of modeled neurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus," in Proceedings of 30th International IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Conference, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, pp. 2477–2480.

The following article is on the journal's web site. Access to the full text may depend on you (or your institution or company) having a subscription, and consequently you may only be able to access the abstract. Please contact me if you would like the full text but are unable to obtain it from the web site.

Dominguez, M., Becker, S., Bruce, I., and Read, H. (2006) "A spiking neuron model of cortical correlates of sensorineural hearing loss: Spontaneous ring, synchrony and tinnitus," Neural Computation 18(12):2942–2958.

The following conference paper is © 2003 IFAC. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from IFAC.

Bruce, I. C., Bajaj, H. S., and Ko, J. (2003). "Lateral-inhibitory-network models of tinnitus," in Proceedings of the 5th IFAC Symposium on Modelling and Control in Biomedical Systems, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 359–363.

The following article is on the journal's web site. Access to the full text may depend on you (or your institution or company) having a subscription, and consequently you may only be able to access the abstract. Please contact me if you would like the full text but are unable to obtain it from the web site.

Bruce, I. C., Irlicht, L. S., Clark, G. M. (1998). "A mathematical analysis of spatiotemporal summation of auditory nerve firings," Information Sciences 111:303–334.

Irlicht, L. S., Bruce, I. C., Clark, G. M. (1996). "A multi-threshold neural network for frequency estimation," in Proceedings of the Seventh Australian Conference on Neural Networks, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, pp. 195–200.

Neuroscience of music

The following manuscript is © 2014 NAS. Access to the full text may depend on you (or your institution or company) having a subscription, and consequently you may only be able to access the publication details and abstract. Please contact me if you would like the full text but are unable to obtain it from the web site.

Hove, M. J., Marie, C., Bruce, I. C., and Trainor, L. J. (2014). "Superior time perception for lower musical pitch explains why bass-ranged instruments lay down musical rhythms," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111(28):10383–10388.

The following manuscript is © 2013 Elsevier. Access to the full text may depend on you (or your institution or company) having a subscription, and consequently you may only be able to access the publication details and abstract. Please contact me if you would like the full text but are unable to obtain it from the web site.

Trainor, L. J., Marie, C., Bruce, I. C., Bidelman, G. M. (2014). "Explaining the high voice superiority effect in polyphonic music: Evidence from cortical evoked potentials and peripheral auditory models," Hearing Research 308:60–70, Special Issue "Music: A window into the hearing brain".

Created by Ian Bruce <ibruce@ieee.org> - last modified Monday, April 14, 2025